Conflicting Perspectives Essay Example for Free

Conflicting Perspectives Essay Composers are able to evoke in the audience certain reactions to characters or events in their texts by presenting conflicting perspectives on different issues through the manipulation of the language forms and features of their medium, often communicating their own ideas about issues in question, which results in the creation of meaning within their texts. (?). David Guterson in his 1995 novel Snow Falling on Cedars (Snow) and Henry Bean in his 2001 film The Believer (Believer) demonstrate conscious choices made regarding structure and techniques in the construction of their texts in order to represent conflicting perspectives exploring ideas on racial prejudice and hatred and cultural contrasts and thus engage the audience. Composers can examine racial/religious prejudice brought on by war by using form specific techniques to present conflicting perspectives on the same event, designed to incite certain audience responses. Guterson, in Snow, purposely presents conflicting perspectives between Arthur Chambers and Hatsue and other members of the white community on San Piedro, particularly Etta Heine, in order to draw sympathy for the treatment of the Japanese after Pearl Harbour is bombed. Arthur is empathetic towards them, saying in his local paper the San Piedro Review, â€Å"†¦ those of Japanese descent on this island are not responsible for the tragedy at Pearl Harbour. Make no mistake about it.† The high modality language and short, direct sentences used by Guterson highlights Arthur’s deeply-held opinion of the innocence of the Japanese on the island. In support of Arthur’s argument, Hatsue, through the narrative’s non-linear structure, recalls her pain and confusion at the treatment of her people, saying, â€Å"It just isn’t fair – it’s not fair. How could they do this to us, just like that?† The emotive appeal in addition to Arthur’s article triggers audience support of the Japanese community. Guterson, however, also presents the contrasting racial hatred of the white islanders towards the Japanese. Etta Heine justifies the deportation of the Japanese with blunt, monosyllabic sentences – â€Å"They’re Japs†¦ We’re in a war with them. We can’t have spies around.† The use of the derogative term â€Å"Japs† and the distinct differentiation between â€Å"them†, the Japanese, and â€Å"we†, the white people, illustrates her bigoted hatred of the Japanese. Through the conflicting perspectives of Etta against Arthur and Hatsue, Guterson sways the audience to feel for the ill treatment of the Japanese, and shows them his own opinion on the negative effect of racism in wartime on the perceptions and conduct towards certain groups. Conflicting perspectives are established by Bean in Believer between Daniel, a neo-Nazi who is paradoxically a Jew himself, and a number of Holocaust survivors pertaining to the strength of their actions during WWII which aims to convey a pro-Jewish sentiment to audiences. At a sensitivity training session, Danny is enraged at a Jewish man’s lack of action while watching his son being murdered by a Nazi during the Holocaust. Rapidly cutting over-the-shoulder shots between Danny and the Jews indicate their opposing views. A close-up of Danny when he is asked by the Jews what he would have done in the situation shows his contempt and incredulous disbelief of the Jews’ weakness as he replies â€Å"Not what he did. Just stand there and watch?† Bean immediately employs a close-up reaction shot of the female Jew who rebuts with, â€Å"How do you know? You’ve never been tested like he has. Here in his rich, safe, stupid country it is so easy to imagine oneself a hero.† The personal address through 2nd person and the accumulation of adjectives to build a negative image of America strongly opposes Danny’s prejudiced conviction that Jews are pathetic, and also appeals to audiences the idea that religious prejudice towards Jews is unjustified. As Guterson does in Snow, conflicting perspectives are represented by Bean in order to sway his audience to respond negatively to unfounded sentiments of prejudice. Conflicting perspectives between characters can be used by composers to control the way in which an audience perceives them by exploring the cultural clashes that exist in the text as a reflection of societal (or social?) behaviour. In Snow, Guterson presents conflicting perspectives between Kabuo and the jury during his murder trial. In the opening chapter, a vivid description of Kabuo’s posture and expression is given from the jury’s perspective; he is shown as â€Å"proudly upright†¦ rigid†¦ detached.† This initial portrait portrait of Kabuo makes him suspicious not only to the jury but also to the audience, as Hatsue tells Kabuo using a simile that he â€Å"looks like one of Tojo’s soldiers.† However, Guterson, through the novel’s non-linear structure, refutes this perspective by explaining Kabuo’s behaviour to the audience via a flashback. Through his father’s teachings that â€Å"the greater the composure, the more revealed one was†, the audience learns the reason behind Kabuo’s unemotional stance. Third person omniscient allows the audience to sympathise with Kabuo’s emotive explanation that â€Å"he sat upright in the hope that his desperate composure might reflect the shape of his soul.† Guterson, through conflicting perspectives, influences his audience to understand Kabuo and the impact of contrasting cultural values on the perception of an individual. In Believer, Bean likewise shows contrasting opinions between Danny, who cannot fully repress his secret Jewish identity, and his anti-Semitic ‘skinhead’ friends to create audience sympathy for Danny’s inner struggles with the opposing aspects of his identity. When Danny and his friends break into a synagogue, Daniel shows a surprising respect for his religion which clashes with those of the other neo-Nazis. This directly conflicts with Danny’s character established at the film’s opening, when he violently beats up a Jew for no apparent reason. Wearing a brown shirt symbolising the Nazi SA (brown-shirts), Danny’s dark costuming contrasts with the light coloured one of his Jewish victim, highlighting the evil in his nature. Bean, however, challenges the audience’s view of Danny in order to allow them to understand his conflicting identities. In one frame, Danny is in the foreground walking down an aisle, which is juxtaposed with the othe r Nazis vandalising the synagogue. Their loud, raucous whooping contrasts to that of Danny’s respectful silence, highlighting their different treatments of the Jewish culture. When one of the Nazis tears up a Torah, a sacred Jewish text, after much opposition from Danny, a reaction shot of him shows sadness and pain accompanied by melancholy music, underlining Danny’s unspoken deference for Judaism. Bean’s portrayal of conflicting perspectives on Jewish culture incites the audience to respond more sympathetically towards Danny, and to understand that his veneer is a product of cultural differences in his society. The composers in Snow and Believer have effectively utilised techniques within their medium to represent conflicting perspectives about racial or religious prejudice and cultural differences in order to provoke certain audience responses to the characters, events or situations in their story. This includes reactions of sympathy for a certain perspective or disbelief and even dislike of opposing perspectives. In this way, the composers connect to the audience and generate meaning within their texts. In Snow, Hatsue is confined by the traditions of her culture, as shown when her mother Fujiko says to her â€Å"don’t allow living among the hakujin to become living intertwined with them. Your soul will decay†¦ rot and go sour.† The change in language to refer to the Americans as hakujin and the emotive metaphor of Hatsue’s breakdown of purity highlights Fujiko’s dislike of American culture. This

Crises during the presidency of andrew jackson Essay -- essays papers

Crises during the presidency of andrew jackson Andrew Jackson was a very influential man during the 1800's. Events that took place during his two-term tenure as President called upon his expertise on the Constitution. These events had a major impact on the country at that time. He had to face obstacles that presidents before him had not faced, but there was also one that was an old issue that was being reopened. This was the controversy over the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States. The other major obstacles were the nullification controversy and the treatment of the Cherokee Nation. The nullification controversy started before Jackson came into office. In the year before Jackson had taken office, Congress had passed a tariff for the declared purpose of protecting northern manufacturers and businessmen. Southerners thought that the industrialization of the north would lead to the downfall of the southern agrarian economy. They named the tariff the "Tariff of Abominations"(Coit 11). Vice-President John C. Calhoun of South Carolina led the movement of people who thought that "a combined geographical interest should not be able to disregard the general welfare and turn an important local interest to its own profit"(Coit 12). Calhoun was not for the secession of South Carolina so he tried to think of a substitute. He borrowed an idea evolved by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 and 1799. The idea was nullification. Nullification, as Calhoun viewed it, the right of a "single state to veto, within its own borders, a federal law that it deemed unconstitutional-subject to the later approval of at least one fourth of the states. If such approval was not forthcoming, the state should, if it wished, be allowed to secede from the Union"(Coit 12). The South knew that nowhere in the Constitution was Congress given the express right to impose a tariff whose purpose was simply to protect industry. Up to that point, President Jackson's view was unknown. But that all changed at a Jefferson Birthday dinner. Most of the toasts had been printed up beforehand and were nullificationist. So Jackson rose, looked at Calhoun and stated, "Our Union. It must be preserved"(Coit 16). Calhoun knew he had to think of a retort so he stood and said, "The Union-next to our liberty most dear"(Coit 1... ...s to the fullest limit. Everything he did he thought was in the white people's best interests. When he vetoed more bills than any other president before him, he did it for the public. When he needed support in politics, and he couldn't get much from his colleagues, he would turn to the Constitution and he would manipulate it so the law was seemingly on his side. Of course it also helped to be infallible in the public's eyes. His policy of persecuting the Indians was horrible, his destruction of the Bank of the United States ultimately hurt the citizens, his avoidance of secession was the only thing that was good for the country. But the people believed him and the Constitution, so to these he could do no wrong. BIBLIOGRAPHY Coit, Margaret. Volume 4: 1829-1849 The sweep westward: The LIFE history of the United States. Ed. Editors of TIME-LIFE BOOKS. New York: TIME-LIFE BOOKS, 1963 Commager, Henry Steele, ed. Documents of american history. New York: Appleton-Century- Crofts, 1949 Pessen, Edward. Jacksonian America: society, personality, and politics. Homewood: The Dorsey Press, 1969 Remini, Robert. Andrew Jackson. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1966

American Fast Food

The most popular American fast food products are hamburgers, cheeseburgers, hot dogs and French fries. Fast food has become an important part of the American Food Culture for a long time. In fact, America is called a fast food country due to its strong fast food habits. According to some surveys, Americans spend more money on fast food than on education, new cars and computer software buying; 200 millions of Americans visit fast food restaurants weekly; nearly 90 percents of American children visit McDonald's every month. There are several reasons why this is happening. Firstly, as the industrialization and technology keep developing, Americans seem to be much busier with their life. As a result, they pay much less attention and less time for their meals. People need foods which require short time to get but still taste good. And those are exactly the characteristics that fast food has. Secondly, American culture is very individualistic. This individualism results in many people living alone at a very young age. And those who are single or living alone are more likely to rely on fast food, because they think it is simply a waste of time to spend 45 minutes cooking and cleaning for one or at most two meals for one person. Many in the average households of two, three, or four feel the same way about cooking. Thirdly, fast food is very convenient. They can be packaged and carried everywhere. In addition, you can easily find fast food chains even at mid-night. Moreover, fast food companies have even simplified the buying process by creating the drive-through restaurants, which allow customers to purchase products without leaving their cars. Next, fast food is usually cheap. It’s affordable for the consumers, especially when the economy is having a difficult time like these days. However, fast food is not good for our health. Fast food nutritional information shows that most meals contain high numbers of calories, saturated and trans-fats. In fact, you can eat all the calories your body needs for the day in one meal. Furthermore, you will actually receive very little nutrients from all of these calories. The white breads, sugars and animal fats that are packed into most fast foods contain very few vitamins and minerals. Eating these foods with tons of calories and fat on a regular basis leads to obesity. Obesity has become a big problem in America. Americans are heavier and unhealthier than ever before. This has led to millions of people suffering from threatening conditions such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, reduced bone strength and many other health elated problems. For someone who consumes these too much, it may lead to liver failure due to the high amount of fat, salts and oil in it. Too much of fast food on a regular basis can make a person overweight due to the extra calories given in those foods. It affects the concentration levels in studies and other activities too. Although fast food has a lot of bad sides, Americans can not eliminate them due to its conveniences. In short, fast food is an important part of the Food Culture; it has become a way of life for many Americans.

Standing On The Shoulders Of Giants - 999 Words

Standing on the shoulders of giants† is a very common phrase heard in regards to the scientific community. New and modern works and discoveries are always based on the findings of those that came before them. Even if work done in the past has been proven to be wrong, they still laid the foundation for future scientists to revise their information and improve upon it. One of the most famous and well-known scientists of the times was Leonardo Da Vinci. Da Vinci was born April 15th, 1452 in Italy, by the full name of Leonardo di Ser Piero Da Vinci. Da Vinci was a jack-of-all-trades; he was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, geologist, botanist, and writer. Some consider him one of the best artists and scientists of all time. Some of his more famous works include The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and the Vitruvian Man. The renaissance heralded the end of the dark ages and entered Europe into a golden age of cultural and scientific enlightenment. The exploration and explanation of the natural world around us because the center of interest in the artistic and scientific communities. Logic and deduction took became more valued and seen as more important than emotion. The invention of printing played a massive role in the scientific advancements during the time. Printing allowed ideas to spread fast as well as educating much more of the general public. Now, anyone could be a scientist and spread their ideas quickly. The more people who read this information would continuouslyShow MoreRelatedStanding On The Shoulder Of Giants1712 Words   |  7 Pages Standing on the Shoulder of Giants Two of the six movements/ traditions within the history of the church timelines are the contemplative and the holiness tradition. The contemplative tradition started in the fourth century and emphasis was placed on solitude, meditation, and prayer. The contemplative move is traced back to monks living as hermits in the desert in the Middle East. In history, they are known as â€Å"Desert Fathers,† Antony of Egypt wasRead More The Yellow Wall-Paper919 Words   |  4 Pages Falling from the Shoulders of Giants: The Yellow Wall-Paper as a Classic Example of the Dangers of Human Arrogance Progressive dementia is the process by which an individual gradually losses their intellectual capacity and personality integration. In quot;The Yellow Wall-Paper,quot; Gilman captures the essence of the journey to madness via her use of first person narration. The relationship between Jane, the narrator of the story, and her husband John provokes an uneasy curiosity in the readerRead MoreGraham Bell Speech708 Words   |  3 Pages Sir Isaac Newton once wrote in a letter to Robert Hooke â€Å"If I have seen a little further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants†. Some consider this as an insult towards Hooke, who suffered from a form of dwarfism and was Newton’s nemesis; others have taken a more conservative view in claiming the quote is a simple acknowledgement towards all the progress ofRead MoreIdentifying Opportunities From The Leeds School Of Business1176 Words   |  5 Pagesstruggle with applying myself to things that do not engage my heart and soul. Isaac Newton said, â€Å"If I have seen further than others, it is by standing on shoulders of giants†, and to me this emphasizes the importance of relying on the knowledge of others to launch yourself to a new level of success. I look forward to standing on the shoulders of the giants that attend and teach at the University of Colorado.Read MoreThe Evolution of David1112 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Renaissance Era. It was commissioned for the Florence Cathedral but eventually replaced Donatello’s David in front of Piazza Della Signoria. 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Both tell the biblical story of David versus Goliath, as told in I Samuel 17:28-51, in their sculptures David. David was a Shepherd boy who killed the giant Goliath with nothing but a slingshot in his hands. Michelangelo displays David before the battle while Donatello shows David after the battle with Goliath. Michelangelo and Donatello were two of four famous artists who have created a statue depictingRead MoreBig Foot Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesNorth America and so are his powerful psychic abilities. Sightings all over North American suggest that the fabled Bigfoot really does exist into today’s world. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What is Bigfoot? The researchers describe Bigfoot as standing from seven to ten feet tall, weighing over five hundred pounds, and having a full coat of hair. Ancient Chinese workers and their stories tell of big hairy, nasty looking manlike animals/ creatures that live in the forest of Quinling-Bashan-ShennogjiaRead MoreComparing the Plays, A Raisin in the Sun and Death of a Salesman902 Words   |  4 Pagesstore; as a result one of his co investors and alleged friend ran off with all the money Walter had invested. Both Walter and Willy have the idea that all of the pressure in on their shoulders and no one else understands what its like. â€Å"Man, I’m a volcano, a giant surrounded by ants. Ants can’t understand a thing giants talking about†. These two men suffered more than anyone in the two plays, and they both had a warped view on life. But luckily they both have the support of a loving family to help

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The Constitution Of The United States - 974 Words

The Constitution of the United States of America, the key element in which America was stabilized as a national government and guaranteed basic rights for its citizens. The Constitution was a replacement for the Articles of Confederation, which had many issues but the the main issue was the the lack of a strong federal government. The federal government under the Articles of Confederation was too weak to enforce their laws which meant they had no power over the states. After the constitution became our law, the separate states became unified, guaranteed individual rights, states still had their own rights but there was a stronger presence of a federal government. On September 17, 1787 the Constitution was signed by the delegates or the framers of America. The framers of the constitution faced many problems such as slavery, presidency and state representation in congress. Slavery one of the most embarrassing times in American history, where most African american were treated like inan imate objects. Their human rights didn’t matter. The framers argued over slavery weather or not if it should be abolished. Some of them also stated that if slavery is so wrong, why do other states still have slavery. Some of the framers also thought it was immoral, treating humans unequally. My stance on slavery is that it should never have taken place in the first place. Slavery is one of the worst things that humans have done to other humans. The reason the States became the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be held

Business Communication Social Media Trends in Australian Workplace

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Communicationfor Social Media Trends in Australian Workplace. Answer: Introduction The social media work is continuously growing in an extraordinary way. With this comes its impact in all stages of the workplaces in Australia. Social media is realized during recruitment to the time that the employee is terminated(Davis, et al., 2016). In addition, employees that fail to keep up with the developments of social media will find themselves on the wrong side of the law or work ethics. This report discusses the negative impacts of social media in the Australian workplace by looking and different areas of employment. The report will also discuss some of the steps that employers can take to ensure that employees are able to comply with the work ethics and the law and still enjoy the use of social media. Social Media Trends in Australian Workplace According to a survey conducted by Matthew Kelly, (2012), 48% of Australian employers report negative impact of social media when it comes to workplace productivity. The survey also was conducted by the Kelly service which is a global workforce solution provider. The survey also found that all around the world, 59 percent of people mix professional and personal connections with social media which eventually cause problems at the workplace. Also in Australia, even though social media continues to gain foot in the workplace, only 18 percent of employees would allow personal use of social media in the workplace, this is because of the disruptive nature of social media(Matthew Kelly, 2012). This shows how social media use has almost become an entitlement for employees, however, most would refrain from the use when they understand the personal and professional impacts it can have on them negatively. With regard to age groups, generation Y was on top of the list arguing that social media use is acceptable for personal use even at work (18%), this was in contrast to 17% of generation X and 11% of Baby boomers generation. It was also only 21% who felt that social media could be acceptable, when used to share opinions about work and other colleagues(Lucas, 2012). Of these respondents, six percent reported being ordered to stop using social media in the workplace, while 21 percent felt that social media played an important role in the organization(Erikson, 2009). However, all said, the spread of social media continues to grow in Australian workplace and has negatively affected in the following areas(Erikson, 2009): Social Media and Recruitment Davis, et al. 92016), argues that social media continues to alter the recruitment process in Australia. By the use of website such as LinkedIn, where employees get access to a wealth of employment opportunities. Social media has continued to bridge recruiters to candidates and potential employees to open opportunities(Hargie, 2011)(Johannesen, et al., 2008). As much as this might seem good, it has completely altered the vetting process since recruiters and employers will use the social media profile to determine whether the candidate is suitable for the task. Some recruiters used social media sites to screen potential employees. At this, some employers required candidates to befriend third parties on social media site like Facebook to know more about the candidates(Eunson, 2012). This is a breach of the Privacy Act and can lead to deceptive conduct and a breach of the Australian Consumer Law(Dissel, 2014). In addition, such actions by employers also lead to the breach of professional code of conduct and code of ethics. Social has also led to cases of discrimination of applicants since potential employer may not be in a position to demonstrate information that was sourced from the social media site to rate employee performance during interviews(Dissel, 2014). Other issues that play in this, is race and sexual preferences, issues that are not supposed to be determinants of employee qualification. This also welcomes unauthorized use of private information by employees. According to Mackenzie Wallace (2011), employers should seek written consent from the candidate and access private information with their authority. There is also need to keep a detailed record of the information they seek during the recruitment process(Hay, et al., 2006). However, social media r emains to be a risky affair in the workplace especially when it comes to gender, age and race discrimination. Social Media and Recruitment When times to recruitment of employees, social media use is also reported to have negative professional reputation. This is because it affects the productivity of employees, discipline, and conduct at work. There are poor communication and distortion of messages and harassment reported by the management and employees. In many cases, an employer will be held responsible for poor or abusive comments of stakeholders or fellow employees at workplace. This is because social media sites have entirely damaged reputation of fellow employees when colleagues post comments about their employers or them(Eunson, 2012). In Australia, when an employee uses social media outside office and during office hours or on the company's computer, it still has negative impact on the grounds of sexual, racial and position harassment and bullying. Australian courts have, in some cases held employers liable for the offenses done by their employees on social media, even when it was done outside working hours. This is especially evident when the conduct is related to employment and fellow colleagues or other rival companies in the industry(Wood, 2010). It thus becomes important for employers to come up with a social media policy which will set out expectations, obligations, boundaries and conditions for the use of social media platforms. It is important for employees to be warned about breach of workplace policy on the use of social media sites, especially on areas touching fellow employees or the company(Spry Floyd, 2013). According to Nohria (2009), it was found the 98.9% of employees in a survey conducted in the country would visit social media sites at the office. This was very huge since employees are supposed to use office hours to perform tasks assigned to them. However, social media sites would always be a means of distraction from work(Turner, et al., 2011). This was also caused by the beeps and social media alerts that are received on a real-time basis once the computer is connected to the site. Nohria (2009), also found that more that 60.8% of study participants reported that they would often check their social media site while at work. In addition, as employees continue to focus more energy on responding to social media updates, they will reduce their rate of productivity which leads to loss of money and time for the company. However, some employees have argued that part of the challenge that comes with the extraordinary use of social media sites in the workplace would be a means of communic ation during work. Some believe that social media can be used positively to balance work input and output(Erikson, 2009). Social Media and Employee Termination The Australian courts continue to file cases of unfair dismissal claims that are brought about by termination related to the use of social media platforms by employees. For example in Dover-Ray v Real Insurance Pty Ltd (2010), it was reported that the employee failed to prove that her termination was done in an unfair manner. That it was done due to negative comments the employee posted about her employer during employment, it is reported that the employee and refused to remove those comments on the social media when was requested to do so(Dissel, 2014). There have also been cases where employees are terminated from work due to excess use of social media sites during working hours. This calls for the need for employers to send up clear boundaries for employment hours and the use of social media sites. Some of these standards are also confirmed by Fair work in 2011 where an employee was reinstated after being terminated due to derogatory comments about his manager on Facebook page(Dav is, et al., 2016). In this regard, fair work looked at the fact that the employer did not have social media policy at the workplace. Channels to Curb Negative use of Social Media at Workplace The first channel for curbing the excessive use of social media can be done during orientation of employees. This is the time when employees are introduced to the organization procedures and policies. In this regard, they will be introduced to the organization culture. Policies will also be there to regulate the use of social media during working hours. They should be able to explain to employees the penalty social media use can encourage if found(Mackenzie Wallace, 2011). Managers need to also keep it clear for employees during the presentation of organization expectations, this is because employees will always seek to do well, however, will be required to know directions of what is expected of them. In addition, employees need to be introduced to the idea of equity at workplace and way that it can benefit them. At this, employers need to always insist on equal balance and treatment during working hours. Here managers need to take time to explain to new employees on the importance of high work performance and end benefits. The employer thus needs to provide employees with venues that can help bring about concerns of job equity like mentorship, employee ideas, lines of communication to superiors and human resource contact(Dissel, 2014). The other avenue to curb negative impacts of social media at workplace will be during recognition programs. These programs can be a major factor to prove to employees the results of the work input and adherence to work policy. Such programs will involve rewarding employees who consistently focus on attending to their duties instead of constantly updating their social media connections(Planalp Fitness, 2011). Such recognition thus needs to be performance based and should be able to reinforce the idea of equity since employee input of resisting social media and concentrating more on work will provide the positive outcome of acknowledging what is expected of him or her. When efforts toward work are put to practice, social media use will be highly reduced since it will not fit in with the employees commitment toward the goal(Nohria, 2009). Recognition of employees can also be done during working group meetings, employee of the month reward programs and release of organizational newslett er. Employers can also use visual aids put and various destinations in the workplace. They visual aids can be posted from time to time as a way of reminding employees to resist distraction of the use of social media during working hours. (Adler Elmhorst, 2010) adds that use of images provides an easy way of understanding rule than written materials. In addition, visual images when accompanied by well-written words can be more effective. The visual aids can be in form of posters, charts, presentations, attractive slogans and sketches carrying messages against use of social media in the workplace. Conclusion In conclusion, the use of social media at the workplace in Australia has become one of the main management issues as executives try to find a way of killing the trend. Employers need to devote to employing guideline and policies in the area. They need to explain to employees the need to sign a consent form that reflects their understanding of the guidelines and policies. It is thus important to have a social media policy where new employees will sign to consent to the policy. This will enable companies to avoid legal litigations which can arise in the event that managers will want to connect to employees social media for profile check(Dissel, 2014). It is important for employers to be wary when considering social media use during signing of employee contracts. By looking at social media and its negative impacts at the workplace in Australia, employers should have clear policies and train employees to be sure they understand the disadvantages of these sites at workplace. It is also important to note that social media cannot be all that bad, especially of employers can train employees to use it as a marketing and promotion tool. At this, employees need to be taught how to use the platforms to exchange information, policies and products or services(Mackenzie Wallace, 2011). 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